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Item #: OP133B
KARAKORAM AND WESTERN HIMALAYA Filippi 1909 1st NY & London edition, 2 Volumes
By Filippi, Filippo de, Vittorio Sella. Luigi Amedeo di Savoy, the Duke of Abruzzi
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KARAKORAM AND WESTERN HIMALAYA 1909 : AN ACCOUNT OF THE EXPEDITION OF H.R.H. PRINCE LUIGI AMEDEO OF SAVOY, DUKE OF THE ABRUZZI. London and New York, 1912, 1st edition. TWO VOLUMES, including volumes of plates, panoramas and maps. 469 pp, 36 plates, photos by Vittorio Sella. Volume 1 is the London edition, Volume 2 the map volume is the New York edition although printed in London and identical to the UK.

 
Considered by many to be the most sought after book on Himalayan mountaineering. The Duke of the Abruzzi made an attempt on K2 in May 1909, accompanied by guides and porters from Courmayeur, Italy. They reached 6250m on the SE or Abruzzi Ridge but were turned back by the difficulty of the route. The expedition explored, mapped and photographed the Baltoro Glacier area.
 
This copy is in the original green cloth with gold letters that is faded on Volume 1, bright on Volume 2. There is edge wear to Volumes 1, with a repair to the spine, but no foxing or major flaws of any kind. Volume 2 is Ex lib but complete. Overall a very serviceable copy of what many consider the most collectible book in the literature of mountaineering. 
 
 
The Karakoram is a great mountain system in Northeast Pakistan and Northern India, near the Chinese border. It extends 300 miles southeastwardly from the Pamir Knot, and includes many of the world's highest peaks, and many of the world's longest glaciers. Among the high peaks is K2 (8611 m), the second highest mountain in the world. Its glaciers include, among others, the 47-mile Siachen glacier, the 36-mile Baltoro glacier, and the 76-mile combination of Hispar and Biafo, which connect at a pass.
 
The Baltoro glacier is especially significant, as ten of the world's thirty highest peaks cluster around it, including four 8,000 meter peaks (K2 and three peaks of the Gashberbrum massif) that rise very close together at the northeast head of the glacier. The Karakoram closely parallels the Himalaya, but its peaks differ from those of the Himalaya in their sharp, angular forms. Their icy peaks are often surrounded by incredible clusters of towers and spires.
 
The Karakoram also receives less monsoon activity than the Himalaya. In fact, many of the valleys deep in the range are very dry. The peaks, however, receive heavy winter precipitation, and, with or without monsoon rains, travel is made difficult by the run-off of melting snow and ice in July and August, which otherwise are the best months for mountaineering. The range is largely uninhabited, so approach to the mountains requires expedition-style planning.
 
Luigi Amedeo di Savoy, the Duke of Abruzzi [1873 - 1933] was born in Madrid to the then king of Spain also a Savoy, who abdicated his throne only a few weeks after his son's birth and returned to Italy. When he was six years old, young Luigi was assigned to the Italian Navy and received his entire education in military schools. A man of great energy and imagination, at the age of 24 he organised and led the expedition that made the first ascent of Mount St Elias [5,484 metres] in Alaska in 1897. Two years later he led an expedition to the North Pole which reached a latitude 86^34' north, a new record at the time. In 1906 he led the Rwenzori expedition which climbed all the major peaks and made the most extensive exploration of the range before or since. A few years later, in 1909, he organised an expedition to the Karakoram and set the record to the highest altitude yet achieved by ascending the second highest mountain in the world, K2, to a height of about 7,500 metres [24,600 feet], along the route that today bears his name, the Abruzzi ridge.

Vittorio Sella [1859 - 1943]

He was the Italian alpinist and photographer who accompanied the 1906 Abruzzi Rwenzori expedition and who was perhaps the greatest of all alpine photographers. It was Sella who first recorded the landscape, plants and people of the Rwenzori in extensive and intimate detail, and to whom we refer for clarity of the historical record and pure artistic beauty. It is particularly interesting to note how far the glaciers of the Rwenzori have receded since these photographs were taken, nearly 90 years ago. Vittorio Sella was born in Biella, Italy, to father who was a successful textile industrialist and scientist ad who, in 1856, had been the first Italian to write a treatise on photography. Vittorio owed his interest in the mountains to his uncle, Quintino, founder of the Alpine Club of Italy. As a young man, Vittorio had worked as a chemist in his father's textile factory, but it was his passion for taking beautiful panoramic photographs of the mountains which made him famous. From 1880 to 1893 he compiled a detailed portfolio of the Alps, combining his photography with impressive alpinism, such as the first winter traverse of the Matterhorn in 1882. He made three expeditions to the Caucasus, in 1889, 1890 and 1896, for which his photography received awards from Britain's Royal Geographical Society. In 1899 he accompanied his friend the alpinist D. W. Freshfield on a difficult exploration of Kanchenjunga in Sikkim. The Duke of Abruzzi greatly admired Sella's work and invited him to be the official photographer for the expeditions in 1897 to Mount St Elias in Alaska, in 1909 to the Karakoram. The highest summit on Mount Luigi di Savoia in the Rwenzori was named Sella Peak in his honour.

 
 
Louis Amedeo, the Duke of Abruzzi, was the first Italian who played with the idea to master K2. In love with mountains ever since he was an adolescent, Louis de Savoie had already done a large number of expeditions, amongst them was the ascend of Mount Saint-Elias in Alaska (in 1897), when he decided to explore the glaciers of the Asian mountains and more particularly those of the Karakoram. The expedition took place during spring and summer of 1909. It was preceded by intense preparations which took the Duke to London where, under a false name, he was able to study the documents concerning these far away countries and which belonged to the Royal Geographical Society. He also went to Paris where he bought the necessary equipment. To accompany him, he chose hardened and qualified mountain climbers who, during preceding teamwork, probably had shown their attachment. Flippo De Filippi, doctor and physiologist, a member of the Saint-Elias expedition, was amongst them, just like the lieutenant of the boat Federico Negrotto, flag lieutenant of the duke and map specialist.
 
These men were accompanied by guides, all Valldotains Courmayeur - like Guiseppe Petigax, who had also participated in the Saint-Elias ascend and Vittorio Sella, mountaineer and photographer, a friend of the duke and highly knowledgeable of the high mountains in Asia. The expedition left Srinagar in April 1909. After a long walk through Cashmere and the Sind valley and after some logistical stops in the Skardu oasis, the capital of Baltistan as well as Askole, the group accompanied by 260 porters, reached the Baltoro glacier.
 
For the first time, a photographer, Vittorio Sella, was able to capture K2 onto his plates. However, the mountain was not as easy to tame as they had expected. After two unsuccessful attempts, which took the Duke and his companions up to 6700m, the little group gave up on the K2 and turned towards Bride Peak (Chogolisa) part of the Golden Throne group. They set a new altitude record of 7493m which lasted until 1921 ; they went through many difficulties at 7400m and J. Pentigax H. and H. Brocherel were forced to stop at 150m from the summit because of heavy fog.
 
All this proved that after a certain period of adapting to altitude, human beings could survive at more than 6000m. Even though the main sport goal had not been attained, the explorers had obtained much information, especially the photogrammetric prints which enabled to set up a map at a large scale (1/100 000) of the basins of the Baltoro and Godwin Austen glaciers. They also collected a huge amount of information concerning the morphology, the lithology and the climate of the region.
 
Vittorio Sella's lovely images are without doubt one of the most valuable among the results. With the help of Erminio Botta, another photographer, he immortalized for the first time the hardships and splendors of the savage region which allowed them to definitely enter photographic history. These exposures of exceptional quality attracted other mountaineers from all over the world who now became interested in this isolated mountain range. Using a large camera able to expose glass plates of 30x40 cm, Sella took more than 800 exceptional exposures during this expedition. These photos were bought by many respectful institutions like the Royal Geographic Society, the Alpine Club in London and the Geographic Society in Washington.


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